The present study analyzed general self-efficacy beliefs in 133 adolescents with visual impairment and 446 sighted peers who took part in a one-year longitudinal study. Between-group differences in levels of self-efficacy beliefs were small. On average, higher self-efficacy beliefs predicted positive change in psychological adjustment (life-satisfaction and emotional symptoms) and academic achievement as well as greater progress in the attainment of developmental tasks of adolescence. However, for emotional symptoms and the discrepancy between desired and present states of attaining developmental tasks we found such an effect only for the sighted students. We conclude that students with visual impairment may benefit from measures that increase the self-management skills needed to translate self-efficacy beliefs into accomplishment of goals and related positive feelings.